Abu Sayyaf Group Essay Example for Free

Abu Sayyaf Group Essay Abdurajak Janjalani’s religious and political thoughts provided the basis for ASG’s original ideology.23 The initial premise for creating the group was for a Muslim Mujahideen that would be committed to â€Å"a struggle in the cause of Allah† or â€Å"fighting and dying for the cause of Islam.†24 To his ASG followers Janjalani was more than a leader, he provided their ideological path and enlightenment. Janjalani was well educated and knowledgeable of various areas that impacted the Muslim population in the Philippines. These included the historical, religious, economic, political, and social conditions that existed at the time25 and it was his aim to build his idea of an Islamic state in the southern Philippines to improve those conditions.26 Funding to initiate and support the movement in the beginning was supposedly supplied by Mohammed Jamal Khalifa, Osama bin Laden’s brother-in-law.27 This was the first reported link to Al Qaeda. Later, in 1992, Janjalani and his group established an official headquarters in Isabela, Basilan naming the Camp Al-Madinah Mujahideen, but the camp was captured by the Philippine Marines in 1993 forcing ASG to relocate and establish a new base in Patikul, Sulu. This fostered greater cooperation and alliance with Ghalib Andang who led the Sulu-based unit of the ASG.28 Working together the combined ASG forces began an aggressive recruiting effort to expand their manpower, acquire arms and munitions, and began the lucrative series of fund-raising activities in kidnappings and demanding high ransoms.29 Before his death in 1998, Janjalani delivered eight radical ideological messages called Khutbahs. These Khutbahs are regarded as primary sources of his radical Islamic thought and depicted the depth of his Abu Sayyaf . . .5 understanding of Wahabi Islam. One of the Khutbahs exposed an intense resentment of Christian missionaries in Mindanao, especially those regarded as criticizing Islam. His interpretation was that â€Å"aggressive preaching of Christian missionaries in Mindanao thus insulted Islam and provoked Muslims to respond violently. As a result, the bombing of the Christian missionary ship M/V Doulos in 1991 was retaliation against Christian missionaries who used derogatory words against Islam and called Allah a false God.†

Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Essay -- Essays Papers

Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Encounter and history: Escherichia coli are gram negative, rod shaped bacteria that are often used in laboratory studies and are usually harmless, residing in the human digestive tract as part of the normal flora. E. coli 0157:H7 is a pathogenic strain of E. coli that was first identified as a cause of disease in the United States in 1982, during an investigation into an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness. The organism is also called enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) because it causes abdominal pain with diarrhea that may contain blood. It lives in the intestines of healthy cattle and can contaminate meat during slaughter. It is believed that the widespread use of antibiotics by American farmers has promoted the horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes and pathogenicity islands that has led to the creation of new pathogenic strains such as E. coli 0157:H7. The verotoxins that cause the disease are also called shiga toxins because they were acquired from Shigella strains. The illness predomi nantly occurs in the U.S., Canada, Japan and other industrialized nations of Europe. The average incidence in most countries ranges from 1-30 per 100,000 and the number of confirmed cases is increasing. In the U.S, about 73,000 people are infected anually, with an average of 61 deaths per year. Entry, Spread and Multiplication: After food contaminated with E. coli 0157:H7 is ingested, it travels through the digestive system and attaches to the mucosal epithelial cells of the large intestine and forms a pedestal, which leads to destruction of the microvili. The bacteria will then multipy and produce toxins, which, in addition to diarrhea cause vomiting in 50% of cases and fever in 30%. The av... ...ays to prevent contamination of EHEC during the growth, slaughter, proccesing of beef. A vaccine for cattle is not practical because the bacteria do not cause illness in cattle and therefore do not stimulate their immune response. It is recommended that physicians have any patient with bloody diarrhea tested for EHEC. There are a variety of ways to detect it in the laboratory. It is possible to screen for EHEC by inoculating stool specimens onto MacConkey medium containing sorbitol instead of lactose. PCR tests for verotoxin are also available. References: http://www.who.int/inf-fs/en/fact125.html http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/escherichiacoli_g.htm http://www.cps.ca/english/statements/ID/id95-03.htm http://www.enceph.com/feature_archive/gastro/v25n4p205.html http://microbes.historique.net/ecoli.html http://www.i-sis.org.uk/ecoli.php

Last community group modifed

A Community Group is a group of people who come together to pursue a common cause or interest for the good of their communityIn Kuwait, a few community groups which were formed in the past were mainly strongly linked to the government and their decisions were influenced by the government’s whims. Among the community groups prominent in Kuwait, was Bait Al-Zakah Al-Kuwaiti, which helped the underprivileged people and economically disadvantaged countries, the Kuwaiti Disable Club established in 1971, and the Environmental Public Authority which was a joint venture by government associations and community groups. These groups were the first agencies in Kuwait that was interested in environmental betterment of the society.In 1992, when there was an oil well fire in Kuwait caused by the Iraqi soldiers, volunteers lent their helping hands to the firemen to stop quell the fire. Soon afterwards, the Volunteers Work Centre (VWC) was established. However due to a number of reasons like family   responsibility, priorities after the war, hot environment, lack of knowledge about the importance of voluntary work, educational backwardness of the masses etc, people didn’t come forward in large numbers to offer voluntary services. This is compounded by the fact that the government offered a high standard of living to the people.In recent times, a number of community groups were formed in Kuwait, which was independent and free of government influence. These groups which played an important role in the social reforms of Kuwait are divided into two sections:Section 1: This group were entitled the Volunteers Work Centre, consisting of   (14 groups), such as The Disable Centre. Each group in this section has their own voluntary program and they interacted with other groups to discuss and update their work strategies. Section 2: This section consists of groups who are working independently of the previous section, such as The Diving Centre.This essay will discuss br iefly the group community development in Kuwait with several success stories.Group Community DevelopmentDue to the timely and successful voluntary services provided by the Volunteer Centre, especially in controlling the burning oil fields and because of the support that they have received from the government, different community groups have been established under aegis of the Volunteer Centre. The Voluntary Centre has acted as a unifying factor in brining different community groups under one umbrella.The community groups together with the Volunteer Centre sensitized the masses about the need of voluntary services, and about their works as well through the help of media. In order to sensitize the masses, they mostly choose specific days in the shopping malls, to do their surveys, to educate the people, and to create awareness about the importance of voluntary services. Shopping malls are chosen for publicity and awareness building purpose because most people frequent such malls. The groups also initiated programs in school and University premises to encourage young people to come forward and join voluntary services, since sensitizing the younger generation was easier than older people. The internet too had become an attractive tool for sensitization of masses and to introduce the community groups to the society.Due to sensitization efforts, volunteers started to enrol directly to specific community groups; however, most of the volunteers went directly to the Volunteer Centre and they were assigned to various community groups according to their area of interests. Some of the volunteers had no specific backgrounds in community service or voluntary work, while others had meagre experience and could not decide where they would fit best. For such groups, the Volunteer Centre had specific programs to train them in specific area and then divide them into groups that fit their interests. Besides this, the Volunteer Centre provides volunteers to specific group community when they request for volunteers, or train new members on request.Sometimes when a group is faced with problems which can not be resolved within the group, it seeks the help from other groups through the Volunteer Centre for specialized intervention. The Volunteer Centre, through networking with different community   groups finds specialist from other groups suitable for resolving the issue. For instance, if the Disabled People Centre, which is one of the Volunteer Centre 14 groups, encountered a problem with their website, they can request the Volunteer Centre to provide them specialised manpower from community group with IT expertise to resolve their crisis.   Another example of significant cooperation between the Volunteer Centre groups can be seen from the fact that the Horses Group, after being requested by the Disabled People Centre, has trained horses especially for the disabled people.One of the successful group community under The Volunteer Centre of section one, is Th e Disabled People Centre. This centre was formed in 1999; The organizational structure of the Centre consists of a manager, assistant manager, secretaries and specialists etc. Voluntary work is carried out in a systematic and formal manner. Any request or help sought from the Centre has to be formally registered, along with a written application, which is either approved or disapproved with the consent of members or secretaries. The centre has dress code for volunteers and uniforms are provided by the centre.The Disabled People Centre is divided into several sub-centres. While one sub-centre directly deals with the patients, another organizes the media campaign and look after publicity affairs. Yet another sub-centre solicits and coordinates donation by seeking financial help either from individual donors or aid agencies or as well as request equipments from prospective donors for the disabled people. One sub-section coordinates with other groups (local or overseas), organize compet itions, ceremonies as well as other public relations campaigns.Another successful independent community group of section 2 is The Kuwait divers’ centre which started with two leaders in 1995. The group taught diving to members of other groups and made them understand the importance of diving for the protection of marine environment. The group organised overseas trips to gain first hand experience, so that they could compare the difference between the marine environments of Kuwait with other places. The group runs as a team which consists of two leaders, their assistants, eight core members and 94 volunteers. It seeks to popularise the diving sport and to conserve the environment, particularly the marine environment. The community group is divided into two parts:The training team teaches interested people how to dive. In the process, they expect some of these people to join their team, thus ensuring a sustainable future for the community group. The environmental conservation t eam, which educates the trainers about the need to save and protect our environment, also publishes and distributes educational brochures, and take resort to   other forms of media channels such as TV and radio to educate the broader community.Both the team coordinate with each other under the direct guidance of group leaders and their assistants. The age and the qualifications of the members play an important role in determining the member’s position in the team’s hierarchy. It is part of the Kuwaiti tradition and culture to respect a person positioned above in the hierarchy.The diver centre has accomplished some great task in the field of marine conservation which earned them more attention and recognition. This has helped in their expansion and growth. Till date, they have trained around 780 trainers, discovered wrecked ships in the Persian Gulf, trained members of the Ministry of Interior, published the â€Å"Kuwait Marine Environment Encyclopaedia†, disco vered and mapped good diving spots in Kuwait, and was the first group train the disabled people   in the Middle East.The cooperation between the Kuwait Disabled People Club (different from Disabled People Centre) and the Divers Group has earned great respect and accolade from the society in general, and other community groups in particular. Since the group has demonstrated success with handicapped people, other groups from overseas have expressed their interest in the Kuwaiti diver group’s diving program for the disabled.The successful endeavour by the voluntary groups of Kuwait has earned them great respect (both locally and internationally) and demand for their services has grown manyfold since their inception. Due to the small size of Kuwait, the group’s activities were widely dispersed. For the successful functioning of the community groups, the cooperation of the society is crucial. Cash or cheque donations as well as donations in terms of goods and services by generous Kuwaiti citizens helped these community groups cope with emergency situations with commendable ease.

Essay On Salon - 1078 Words

The sun is rising up with mild clouds blocking the edge of it. The sun is approximately 30 degrees from being directly above the nail salon. There are only a few cars parked in the parking lot. Coming out of a black-ish green, 2004 Toyota Camry, are two young employees. Both of them turn away from the car with a small bang behind them. The driver of the car, in a white long sleeve shirt with the words â€Å"GUESS† glittered in the center, turns her body towards the car with her hands pointing at the vehicle. A loud â€Å"beep, boop† comes out from the car. The hair of both of the girls slightly blows to a side from the breeze as they are walking towards the store. The other girl, in a vibrant purple jacket and yoga pants that look like jeans, is†¦show more content†¦In the room, Cycy encounters a middle aged man in white collared shirt. Cycy stands in front of the man, crosses her arms bows down and says â€Å"thua duong Quoc (hello uncle Ron).† Ron says â€Å"hi con (hello child)† and waves awkwardly of something like a hello and a shoo. Cycy shifts herself in the tiny room towards a music player. She clicks the power button on, twists the volume knob up, and a beautiful piano medley flows out of the speakers. Cycy grabs her tools, walks out of the break room, and neatly sets up her station. As she is sitting at her desk, lightly twirling on her office seat, her eyes went wide open, left eyebrow went up and the other went down; she leans her head up with her ears towards the speakers. The volume increase and the voice in the speakers, yell out â€Å"Peace up! A-town down. Yeah, Ok! Lil’ Jon! Usher uh, lets go!† She drops her neck to the right side where Jennifer sat. Jennifer stares back closes her eyes for a long second, opens it and twitched her head to the back. Cycy takes a deep breath and exhales has she stands up again. She sluggishly wobbles all the way back to the break room. She fixes the loud obnoxious music back to the calming and relaxing piano piece. More and more customers come to the salo n as the sun reached the highest point in the sky. Then this one lady walks in and her dirty blonde hair with streaks of grey is permed like the housewives of the 70’s, and she dresses like it is still 2005. In her matching blackShow MoreRelatedSalon Evaluation Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesCosmo Beauty Academy â€Å"Salon Design amp; Build† By Thomas Blazak amp; Felicia Rosales The purpose of this essay is to inform you of how we would build a booth rental salon in an existing building. In this essay you will find the projected overall cost of the tenant improvements to the existing building, the projected start up cost of the new salon, and the overall budget analysis of income vs. expenses. 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Who became pregnant in high school and dropped out. She held several jobs, while studying to attain her GED, taking business classes at a community college. Iliana used her education to transform into a successful salon owner. Roman describes her traumatic testimony on how determined she was to make her life successful after she realized the mistake that she madeRead MoreThe Myth Of The Latin Woman Summary968 Words   |  4 Pagesserenading her and a woman assuming that she was a waitress in a restaurant. Cofer concludes the article by stating that she hopes to change the media produced stereotypes from trashy Latina to a well educated and wise Latina. I really enjoyed this essay because it gave me a taste of the hardships that my mother had to put up with. I also liked it because it talks about disproving stereotypes which I really think would be better for the world if we just got rid of all stereotypes. I also liked howRead MoreFor This Essay On The Important Characteristics Of Leadership740 Words   |  3 Pages For this essay on the important characteristics of leadership I will use how certain procedures have worked and failed in the franchise salon industry as a model. One of the most important parts of being a leader is the ability to be decisive, that in any situation one must be able to make a choice that may or may not carry a heavy weight. With the consistent use of this skill, those that work for you will begin to trust the confidence exuded when deciding and then following through with a task